利田小子

TAMU CSSA 2012 龙年春晚音乐小品《大龄学术男青年之歌》

Learn about cloud computing
From: http://open.eucalyptus.com/learn

What is cloud computing?

Cloud computing is the access to computers and their functionality via the Internet or a local area network. Users of a cloud request this access from a set of web services that manage a pool of computing resources (i.e., machines, network, storage, operating systems, application development environments, application programs). When granted, a fraction of the resources in the pool is dedicated to the requesting user until he or she releases them. It is called “cloud computing” because the user cannot actually see or specify the physical location and organization of the equipment hosting the resources they are ultimately allowed to use. That is, the resources are drawn from a “cloud” of resources when they are granted to a user and returned to the cloud when they are released. A “cloud” is a set of machines and web services that implement cloud computing.

What is the relationship between virtualization and cloud computing?

Virtualization is the ability to run “virtual machines” on top of a “hypervisor.” A virtual machine (VM) is a software implementation of a machine (i.e., a computer) that executes programs like a physical machine. Each VM includes its own kernel, operating system, supporting libraries and applications. A hypervisor provides a uniform abstraction of the underlying physical machine. Multiple VMs can execute simultaneously on a single hypervisor. The decoupling of the VM from the underlying physical hardware allows the same VM to be started on different physical machines. Thus virtualization is seen as an enabler for cloud computing, allowing the cloud computing provider the necessary flexibility to move and allocate the computing resources requested by the user wherever the physical resources are available.

How are clouds classified?

Given the broad definition of the term “cloud,” the current taxonomy differentiates clouds both in terms of cloud service offerings and cloud types. When categorizing cloud service offerings we often refer to clouds in terms of “service style“ depending on the portion of the software stack delivered as a service. Here we discuss the most common service styles referred to by the acronyms IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS. Cloud ”types“ (including public, private, and hybrid) refer to the nature of access and control with respect to use and provisioning of virtual and physical resources.

What are the most popular cloud service styles?

IaaS

IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) style clouds provide access to collections of virtualized computer hardware resources, including machines, network, and storage. With IaaS, users assemble their own virtual cluster on which they are responsible for installing, maintaining, and executing their own software stack.

PaaS

PaaS (Platform as a Service) style clouds provide access to a programming or runtime environment with scalable compute and data structures embedded in it. With PaaS, users develop and execute their own applications within an environment offered by the service provider.

SaaS

SaaS (Software as a Service) style clouds deliver access to collections of software application programs. SaaS providers offer users access to specific application programs controlled and executed on the provider’s infrastructure. SaaS is often referred to as “Software on Demand.”

What are cloud types?

Public cloud

Public clouds provide access to computing resources for the general public over the Internet. The public cloud provider allows customers to self-provision resources typically via a web service interface. Customer’s rent access to resources as needed on a pay-as-you-go basis. Public clouds offer access to large pools of scalable resources on a temporary basis without the need for capital investment in data center infrastructure.

Private cloud

Private clouds give users immediate access to computing resources hosted within an organization’s infrastructure. Users self-provision and scale collections of resources drawn from the private cloud, typically via web service interface, just as with a public cloud. However, because it is deployed within the organization’s existing data center—and behind the organization’s firewall—a private cloud is subject to the organization’s physical, electronic, and procedural security measures and thus offers a higher degree of security over sensitive code and data. In addition, private clouds consolidate and optimize the performance of physical hardware through virtualization, and can thus markedly improve data center efficiency while reducing operational expense.

Hybrid cloud

A hybrid cloud combines computing resources (e.g., machines, network, storage, etc.) drawn from one or more public clouds and one or more private clouds at the behest of its users.

Why Cloud Computing?

Cloud computing is seen by some as an important forward-looking model for the distribution and access of computing resources because it offers these potential advantages:

• Self-service provisioning: Allows users to deploy their own sets of computing resources (machines, network, storage, etc.) as needed without the delays and complications typically involved in resource acquisition; IT supports ongoing customization and enhancement of cloud user experience, while monitoring, managing, and expanding as required the underlying cloud infrastructure.
• Scalability: Decouples the fluctuating needs of individual users from typical infrastructure constraints, thus easily accommodating rapid increases or decreases in resource demand.
• Reliability and fault-tolerance: IT can focus on improving critical pieces of infrastructure to achieve pre-determined levels of reliability. Policies addressing expected levels of reliability can be continuosly reassessed and updated without user involvement.
• Optimization/Consolidation: Maximizes the usage and increases the efficiency of existing infrastructure resources. Extends infrastructure lifecycle. Reduces capital expenditure.
• QoS (Quality of Service): Allows IT to dynamically reassess the SLA associated with users or groups of users for the resources allocated. Allows the organization to react quickly to changing conditions without unnecessary user involvement or knowledge.
• Well defined API: Using a well-defined and stable industry standard API avoids locking and ensures interoperability with an ever-growing number of tools and cloud service providers.
• As-needed availability: Aligns resource expenditure with actual resource usage thus allowing the organization to pay only for the resources required, when they are required.

郑雁雄：“…赔就赔啦，政府来陪，当然，羊毛出在羊身上…”

郑雁雄：“…（政府）权力一天比一天小，手段一天比一天少，责任一天比一天大，老百姓一天比一天胃口高，一天比一天聪明，一天比一天难管。像这样负责任的政府，你不指望，你指望国外几个烂媒体、烂报纸、烂网站，好坏都颠倒了！…”

……

虽然对他这样的态度和讲话很不爽，但人家说了大实话，这就是官场，这就是那些所谓的“父母官”。我想国内大多数当官的都和他一样的想法。

如果人民害怕政府，就是暴政。如果政府害怕人民，就是自由。（托马斯•杰斐逊）

以下是视频，一段新闻的节选。完整的讲话已经找不到了，估计被和谐了。

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原文链接：http://www.ccnt.com.cn/wisdom/minjian/zengguang.htm

昔时贤文，诲汝谆谆，集韵增文，多见多闻。

观今宜鉴古，无古不成今。

知己知彼，将心比心。

酒逢知己饮，诗向会人吟。

相识满天下，知心能几人。

相逢好似初相识，到老终无怨恨心。

近水知鱼性，近山识鸟音。

易涨易退山溪水，易反易覆小人心。

运去金成铁，时来铁似金，读书须用意，一字值千金。

逢人且说三分话，未可全抛一片心。

有意栽花花不发，无心插柳柳成阴。

画虎画皮难画骨，知人知面不知心。

钱财如粪土，仁义值千金。

流水下滩非有意，白云出岫本无心。

当时若不登高望，谁信东流海洋深。

路遥知马力，事久见人心。
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从非诚2里看到这首诗，网上谣传是仓央嘉措的诗《见与不见》，实际上作者和诗名都搞错了。这首诗名为《班扎古鲁白玛的沉默》，作者是扎西拉姆·多多。（见百度百科）

从诗的字面上看，很容易让人误认为这是一首情诗，实际上不是（我挺希望它是）。不管怎么样，不影响我喜欢这首诗。

《班扎古鲁白玛的沉默》
作者：扎西拉姆·多多

你见，或者不见我
我就在那里
不悲不喜

你念，或者不念我
情就在那里
不来不去

你爱，或者不爱我
爱就在那里
不增不减

你跟，或者不跟我
我的手就在你手里
不舍不弃

来我的怀里
或者
让我住进你的心里

默然　相爱
寂静　欢喜

飞得更高
-汪峰
生命就像 一条大河
时而宁静 时而疯狂
现实就像 一把枷锁
把我捆住 无法挣脱
这谜一样的生活锋利如刀
一次次将我重伤
我知道我要的那种幸福
就在那片更高的天空
我要飞得更高 飞得更高
狂风一样舞蹈 挣脱怀抱
我要飞得更高 飞得更高
翅膀卷起风暴 心生呼啸
飞得更高
一直在飞 一直在找
可我发现 无法找到
若真想要 是一次解放
要先剪碎 这诱惑的网
我要的一种生命更灿烂
我要的一片天空更蔚蓝
我知道我要的那种幸福
就在那片更高的天空
我要飞得更高 飞得更高
狂风一样舞蹈 挣脱怀抱
我要飞得更高 飞得更高
翅膀卷起风暴 心生呼啸
我要飞得更高 飞得更高
狂风一样舞蹈 挣脱怀抱
我要飞得更高 飞得更高
狂风一样舞蹈 挣脱怀抱
我要飞得更高 飞得更高
翅膀卷起风暴 心生呼啸
飞得更高
飞得更高
飞得更高
飞得更高
飞得更高

让人受用的一些建议，也解决了我目前正面临的一些困惑，推荐这篇文章给正在读MS或PHD的人，尤其是PhD。

此文来自Stephen C. Stearns的个人主页：http://www.yale.edu/eeb/stearns/advice.htm

此外，还可以看下另一篇文章，是Raymond B. Huey对Stephen C. Stearns文章的回应：Reply to Stearns: Some Acynical Advice for Graduate Students

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SOME MODEST ADVICE FOR GRADUATE STUDENTS
Stephen C. Stearns

Always Prepare for the Worst

Some of the greatest catastrophes in graduate education could have been avoided by a little intelligent foresight. Be cynical. Assume that your proposed research might not work, and that one of your faculty advisors might become unsupportive – or even hostile.Plan for alternatives.

Nobody Cares About You

In fact, some professor care about you and some don’t. Most probably do, but all are busy, which means in practice they cannot care about you because they don’t have the time. You are on your own, and you had better get used to it. This has a lot of implications. Here are two important ones:

1) You had better decide early on that you are in charge of your program. The degree you get is yours to create. Your major professor can advise you and protect you to a certain extent from bureaucratic and financial demons, but he should not tell you what to do. That is up to you. If you need advice, ask for it: that’s his job.

2) If you want to pick somebody’s brains you’ll have to go to him or her, because they won’t be coming to you.

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在美国，有点法律常识还是灰常重要的，不然会让自己吃亏的。

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中国驻纽约总领馆与三家纽约律师事务所，不久前在哥伦比亚大学举办了一场领事保护讲座。会上，胡知宇律师，罗斯·里根律师楼的里根律师，黄与黄律师楼的黄晓夫律师，向留学生们介绍与日常生活密切相关的领事保护知识和法律常识，包括H1B申请，假期出行安全，租车保险须知，与学校纠纷、意外伤害赔偿、应对刑事犯罪等。

彭克玉总领事表示，随著来美国的中国公民大量增加，涉及中国公民人身与财产安全的事件也大量增多，仅2008年，中国驻纽约总领馆处理的领事保护案件就有 600多起，其中包括留学生，这些案件中有数十起伤亡，很让人痛心。留学生刚来美国人生地不熟，对美国社会和法律了解不多，因此更有必要提醒大家注意安全，做好预防性的领事保护工作。
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A和B在路上走，看到一堆屎。
A对B说：你吃掉这堆屎，我给你五千万。
B犹豫片刻，经不住五千万的诱惑，决定吃屎，于是得到五千万。
接着两人继续往千走。两人均感觉不爽。A无端端损失五千万。B吃了一堆屎，能爽吗？

这时前面又出现一堆屎。
B立刻对A说：你吃掉这堆屎，我也给你五千万。
A想了想，还是吃掉了那堆屎，于是又得回那五千万。

两人继续往前走，均感到十分不爽。两人什么也没有得到，却每人吃了一堆屎。
于是两人去找经济学家C问理。
C一听大喜道：恭喜二位，你们二人每人只吃了一堆屎，就给国家增加了一个亿得GDP。

还是先人有深度～

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本文转自：南方报业网
原文链接：http://nf.nfdaily.cn/nfdsb/content/2010-04/11/content_10935676.htm

爱国家不等于爱朝廷

洪振快

据说法国波旁王朝的君主路易十四说过“朕即国家”的话，尽管全世界的君主都喜欢专制，但很少有人会像路易十四那样露骨和无所顾忌。路易十四于1643—1715年在位，同时代的中国皇帝是康熙，康熙的心里想的未必不就是“朕即国家”，但他显然比路易十四更具“中国特色”的“智慧”——— 经常作些仁君秀，既行专制之实，又享仁君之名。

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